ANAESTHETICS MANAGEMENT OF EAR, NOSE AND THROAT FOREIGN BODIES: A THREE-YEAR REVIEW AT UNIVERSITY COLLEGE HOSPITAL, IBADAN
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Abstract
Introduction: Foreign bodies lodged in the ear, nose, throat (ENT), esophagus, and bronchus are common clinical challenges, particularly in children. These incidents may lead to symptoms such as nasal discharge, breathing difficulties, hearing loss, or even lifethreatening conditions like airway obstruction. This study focuses on foreign body cases at the University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan, with a special emphasis on the demographics, types of foreign bodies, and outcomes of surgical interventions.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 66 cases of foreign bodies in ENT over three years (January 2020 to December 2023) at UCH Ibadan. Data were gathered from clinic registration, patient case notes, and ward admission records. Variables included age, gender, clinical presentation, type of foreign body, and complications during removal. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were performed using SPSS version 27, with a significance level set at p < 0.05.
Results: The study revealed that children aged 0-5 years accounted for 42.4% of the cases, with males being the most affected (66.7%). Foreign bodies were predominantly lodged in the esophagus (56.1%), followed by the bronchus (15.2%). Inorganic objects (57.6%) such as plastic and metal were more common than organic materials (42.4%). Most foreign bodies (83.3%) were successfully removed on the first attempt, primarily through rigid esophagoscopy (62.1%), direct bronchoscopy (15.2%) and tracheostomy. General anesthesia was administered in 97% of cases.
Conclusion: Foreign body cases are prevalent among young children, especially boys. The majority of cases involve the esophagus and bronchus, with inorganic materials being the most common. Rigid esophagoscopy and bronchoscopy are effective in managing these cases, with high success rates in removal. Continued parental education and advancements in diagnostic tools may help reduce the incidence and improve outcomes.
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