A Comparative Study of the Prevalence of Depression among Clinical Medical Students in a Private and Public University in Plateau State, North Central Nigeria
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Abstract
Background. Depression is a growing concern among medical students, driven by factors such as financial stress, academic pressures, and the intensity of medical training. It is associated with adverse outcomes, including poor academic performance, higher dropout rates, and suicide. Differences in educational environments between private and public universities may influence the prevalence and determinants of depression. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among clinical medical students in private and public universities in Plateau State, Nigeria.
Methods. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 208 clinical medical students from private and public universities, selected through multistage sampling. Significant depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), with a score ≥10 indicating moderate to severe depression. Data were analysed using Epi Info 3.5.4, with chi-square tests applied to socio-demographic variables, and statistical significance set at p ≤ 0.05.
Results. The mean age of participants was 23.5 ± 2.35 years for private university students and 24.8 ± 3 years for public university students. Depression prevalence was 22.5% in private universities and 16.5% in public universities, though this difference was not statistically significant. Significant level of depression was more common among students aged 20–23 years and 4th-year clinical students.
Conclusion. Addressing mental health among medical students requires targeted interventions, including mental health programs, financial support, and counselling services. Such efforts are vital in mitigating the long-term impacts of depression in this population.
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